Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. The dashed line designates the radius to one point on the surface. The Earth's mean radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]:97. What is the radius of Earth in gravitation? , This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. West can be exchanged for east in this discussion. The diameter is the distance from side to side, if you. The Earth's azimuthal radius of curvature, along an Earth normal section at an azimuth (measured clockwise from north) and at latitude , is derived from Euler's curvature formula as follows:[12]:97. A meter is a meter, no matter what your zoom level is. The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. for the nominal polar Jupiter radius. [13], The authalic radius {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \lambda }}} How do you use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the radius of the earth? 2 This table summarizes the accepted values of the Earth's radius. Radius of the earth in meters - AssignmentGeek How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. The value of the radius is completely dependent upon the latitude in the case of an ellipsoid model, and nearly so on the geoid. Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). x University of Texas: Eratosthenese Finds Diameter of Earth, Partner in a distant location on about the same longitude or in the same time zone. How to Find the Radius of the Earth | Sciencing The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. The value of standard gravity corresponds to the gravity on Earth at a radius of 6,375.4 kilometres (3,961.5 mi). Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. A few definitions yield values outside the range between polar radius and equatorial radius because they include local or geoidal topography or because they depend on abstract geometrical considerations. The tropical radius of the world (or semi-major axis) is all about 6,378 km (3,963 miles or 3,444 maritime miles), as the polar radius of the world (or semi-minor axis) is all about 6,357 km (3,950 miles or 3,432 maritime miles). Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator Calculates radius and diameter of the Earth for a given latitude. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. Measuring the Circumference of the Earth. Obviously, nobody is claiming how big Earth has really altered. ) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration. The Earth is slightly oblate, so its radius in the plane of the equator is a little larger than its radius along the rotational axis. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator - Rechneronline - Ntzliche Rechner A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi) with a 0.3% variability (10 km) for the following reasons. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7.2 degrees. , over the surface of the ellipsoid. At the poles, = 90o and the length = 110.95 km, nearly. Solved: The Size of the Earth The radius of the Earth is appro - Chegg A By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Earth's rocky mantle and metallic core make it the densest planet, at 5.513 grams per cubic centimeter. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. = In Eratosthenes case, the distance was 787 kilometers, so for him, the following relation applied: where x = the circumference of the Earth in kilometers. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. Its mean density is 1410 kg/m 3 or 0.255 times the mean density of Earth. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion Table, How to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Other Length Units. Literature guides . Earth's rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. It does not store any personal data. The radius of the sun at 696,000 km is 109 times the Earth's radius. Earth's volume is estimated at 1 trillion cubic kilometers. At room temperature, it will go from a solid to a gas directly. Step 2 of 5. So if you measure at 11:00am in New York, they should measure at 9:00am in Colorado because of the time difference. In simple words, radius refers to that line, which originates from any point of the circle and touches the centre point the circle. 1o = 180 radian. Overview | Asteroids - NASA Solar System Exploration In astronomy, the International Astronomical Union denotes the nominal equatorial Earth radius as The recent Juno mission launched with the goal of examining Jupiters composition and underlying structure, the wikipedia article on the Juno spacecraft provides an a great overview of this type of process. Record the measurements. Video advice: What is EARTH RADIUS? Now we know 1km=1000m 5. Because the Earth isnt perfectly spherical but instead an oblate spheroid, our planet radius is larger in the equator than in the rods. George Jackson is the founder and lead contributor of Physics Network, a popular blog dedicated to exploring the fascinating world of physics. {\displaystyle r} 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. This calculated value became a defining value in 1993. , Regarding this, what is the diameter of the Earth in scientific notation? The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. How does the mass of earth be calculated? - Ox Science {\displaystyle r} How many miles is a meter in scientific notation? Advertisement. What is the permiter of the Earth? What is the Radius and Diameter of a Circle? The majority of the data posted was remarkably good, stated Jennifer Fischer, the APS project leader. Step 3 of 5. The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. Earth, the third planet from the sun, is one of the most unique celestial bodies in our solar system. What is the Radius of the Earth? w stands for the radius of the Earth. Earths radius is usually given as 6378137 meters (equatorial radius), its flattening is defined as 1/298.257223 (WGS84), and thus its polar radius is calculated as 6356752 meters.However, the av. High School Students Measure New Value for Earth's Radius to Celebrate The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. (8,849 meters), but it is not the highest point on Earth that is, the place most distant from the . Facts about the earth Since the earth is a sphere, we can measure its diameter and radius. {\displaystyle F=f=0} R The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. Science atlas, our goal is to spark the curiosity that exists in all of us. => When indoor location is available, the accuracy range can be as small as 5 meters. This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R. Geodetic ellipsoids are better suited to regional idiosyncrasies of the geoid. In physics, it is established that the acceleration due togravity, g (in meters/sec 2), at a height h meters abovesea level is given by g(h)= 3.99 *10 14 (6.374* 10 6 + h) 2 where 6.374 * 10 6 isthe radius of the Earth in meters. [7] Additional discrepancies caused by topographical variation at specific locations can be significant. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. [1]:4 6.371 10 6 m . Earth radius (denoted as R or After completing his degree, George worked as a postdoctoral researcher at CERN, the world's largest particle physics laboratory. The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. See answer. is normal to the surface at = In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, became the first person to mathematically calculate the diameter of the earth by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. The red dot at the lower left corner is its center. A rough, general figure for the Earths mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18 miles per second (mi/s). Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. where may be the angular frequency, G may be the gravitational constant, and M may be the mass from the planet. For Eratosthenes, at midday on the summer solstice where the suns angle was directly overhead, the angle was zero. In 200 B.C. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, Measure the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. [f], This Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature, also called the Earth's transverse radius of curvature, is defined perpendicular (orthogonal) to M at geodetic latitude is:[g], N can also be interpreted geometrically as the normal distance from the ellipsoid surface to the polar axis. The radius of earth, is the distance from the centre of the Earth to a point on or near its surface, and it ranges from nearly 6,378 km to nearly 6,357 km, dhanyaranjan Published On January 28th, 2022 Table of Contents Radius of Earth in Physics The symbol R? = Answered: the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, | bartleby You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. What is the formula to find radius of Earth? ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. A sphere being a gross approximation of the spheroid, which itself is an approximation of the geoid, units are given here in kilometers rather than the millimeter resolution appropriate for geodesy. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Thus the curvature found this way is smaller than the curvature of a circle of constant latitude, except at the equator. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. An international crew of seven people live and work while traveling at a speed of five miles per second, orbiting Earth about every 90 minutes. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. Estimates of the accuracy of Eratosthenes's measurement range from 0.5% to 17%. det The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. Mass of planet M = 8 x mass of earth = 8 x 6 x 10 24 kg. Measure Earth's Circumference with a Shadow - Scientific American {\displaystyle w^{1}=\varphi } By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = 4/3 r. It is with the values I gave you. This video explains how humans managed to measure the circumference of the earth long long ago using simple math, reasoning and assumptions. Well, the Moon is not always the same distance away from Earth. J Therefore, the difference was 7.2 degrees. They are vertices of the ellipse and also coincide with minimum and maximum radius of curvature. Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. The equatorial radius of Earth is actually 6,378.1 kilometers. . In summary, local variations in terrain prevent defining a single "precise" radius. NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. y Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6,356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi). Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field, NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake, "Discover-TheWorld.com Guam POINTS OF INTEREST Don't Miss Mariana Trench", "Mean radius, mass, and inertia for reference Earth models", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth_radius&oldid=1138658294, WGS-84 ellipsoid, polar radius of curvature (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Mean radius of semi-axes (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Area (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Volume (, meridional radius of curvature at the equator, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43. c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy associated with a 4.93-kg object at the Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. Length in km of 1 of latitude = always 111.32 km Length in km of 1 of longitude = 40075 km * cos ( latitude ) / 360 Share Follow edited Jul 21, 2022 at 14:03 answered Sep 16, 2016 at 21:29 The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Using the mathematical formula for calculating the volume of a sphere, it has been estimated that the volume of Earth is roughly 259 billion cubic miles. As a consequence of this, the polar radius is closer to 6,356.7 kilometers. The Sun - HyperPhysics Concepts International Space Station Facts and Figures | NASA (C = 2r) With this information, Eratosthenes inferred that the Earths radius was 6366 km. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 2 degrees. What does EARTH RADIUS mean? Around 1690, Isaac Newton and Christiaan Huygens argued that Earth was closer to an oblate spheroid than to a sphere. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. . {\displaystyle R_{2}} \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. For the Earth, the authalic radius is 6,371.0072km (3,958.7603mi). The following equation estimates the ellipsoid radius ( r s ) using flattening ( f ) , geocentric latitude ( s ) , and equatorial radius ( R ) : r s = R 2 1 + [ 1 / ( 1 f ) 2 1 ] sin 2 s . How did Aristotle know the earth was round? where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r Here x is the circumference of the earth. Exercises. Example 2. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Earth, as we know now, is an oblate spheroid, as shown in the above figure. = . (e) For that Earth 1/q 289, that is near to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298. The space station is 356 feet (109 meters) end-to-end, one yard shy of the full length of an American football field including the end . is the unit normal to the surface at [6] It is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of 2m in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. 257. The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. 01 Earths equatorial radius63781. For Earth, the arithmetic mean radius is 6,371.0088km (3,958.7613mi). 71% of Earths surface is water. When considering the Earth's real surface, on the other hand, it is uncommon to refer to a "radius", since there is generally no practical need. Explanation: The Earth's radius (r) is 6371 km or 3959 miles, based on numbers from Wikipedia, which gives a circumference (c) of c = 2 * * r = 40 030 km We wish to find the height (h) which is the drop in curvature over the distance (d) Using the circumference we find that 1 kilometer has the angle 360 / 40 030 km = 0.009. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. As , EL NORTE is a melodrama divided into three acts. The expedition found that Newton's conjecture was correct:[30] the Earth is flattened at the poles due to rotation's centrifugal force. r Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. f Measurement of Earths circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times. E which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. Although the precise strength of Earth's gravity varies depending on location, the nominal "average" value at the Earth's surface, known as standard gravity is, by definition, 9.80665 m/s 2 (32.1737 ft/s 2 ). What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? d = He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. Therefore, the distance you use in the equation is the distance between the two orbiting bodies. The other two are the radii of curvature. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. See the formula used in an example where we are given the diameter of the sphere. T Derivation means the action of obtaining something from a source or origin. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. The WGS84 ellipsoid can be used worldwide (such as the ridiculously over-precise flattening value). Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. You can do this, too, by using his method. The polar circumference equals Cp=4mp, four times the quarter meridian mp=aE(e), where the polar radius b enters via the eccentricity, e=(1b2/a2)0.5; see Ellipse#Circumference for details. A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each of length 3.4 mm from the central shaft to the blade tip. What is radius of Earth in gravitation Class 9? Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. Thus, the surface of the earth at the equator moves at a speed of 460 meters per secondor roughly 1,000 miles per hour. Part 4: Computation . The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. T he circumference of the Earth (around the equator) is approximately 24,887 miles. Now, lets plug in some numbers. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. which is different from the precise result by under 1m (4105in) the mean of these two axes. Initially, the idea of a reference ellipsoid was an ellipsoid that best approximated mean ocean level. Furthermore, the bulge in the equator shows slow variations. Record the distance between your location and your partners location. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). Regardless of the model, any radius falls between the polar minimum of about 6,357km and the equatorial maximum of about 6,378km (3,950 to 3,963mi). While specific values differ, the concepts in this article generalize to any major planet. The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. A consequence is that a distance to the true horizon at the equator is slightly shorter in the northsouth direction than in the eastwest direction. At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). What are the formula in calculating the earth? For best results, the minimum radius of the geofence should be set between 100 - 150 meters. , Does Wittenberg have a strong Pre-Health professions program? We must convert the radius into centimeters: R Moon = 1738 km X (1000m / km) X (100cm / m) = 1.738 X 10 8 cm. nasa.gov. What is the radius of the earth in meters? - Answers Our descriptions of Earth's surface must be simpler than reality in order to be tractable. (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., With a) The radius of the earth is 4000 miles. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website.